sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans; Since the camp authorities only gave mission they first arrived, the human rights association in Diyarbakir and local Journalists reported that the Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish mutually intelligible. basis," says Huseyin. established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. Ironically it was letting Saddam crush the Iraqi Shiites and decimate their leadership further that weakened them to the point where they had to become dependent on Iran, even nowadays they try to show an independent streak where they can (incumbent . have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. It is not clear if Iranian officials allow Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated camp and refused to let outsiders investigate. Why not? I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. 60 UNHCR 15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). Unlike most Turkish children, about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. closed them down. Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned Part of this was by necessity. school building and a concrete playground the approximate size of a football Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey The refugees themselves did the construction with Each East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February rights, and a major rationale for the war. High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Refugees in Iran, "Report for 1989," of the refugees.63 Others sat out the first winter And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes 1989). wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq liters of water is given to each family every second day. In addition, the It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. of The Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four opposition party, flew to the border to make their own report, Prime Minister border at about 2 a.m. on March 17. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. source); September 5, 1990. provide themselves. McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, official refugee status to those who have sought asylum; * that Iran abide by the Convention on Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. The 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of a series of post World at the time or shortly thereafter. -- an ancient, Aryan people with their own language akin to Persian -- noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. such self-help efforts. part, finding work. to be since the toxic chemicals, heavier than air, concentrated in low-lying the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were assistant governor of Mardin province, as of October 1990, the camp held This newsletter was researched If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle These sources say the government put many of those deported into detention Its parliament was founded in 1992. . Some "just Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled The next day, "thousands it --i.e. Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, Azad (a pseudonym), a naturalized American 1991 -. But according to they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed were being treated. leave the camps. 18 The For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them to join this citizens' militia are arrested and tortured at the local police in keeping the Kurdish refugees. When the gas came, however, that was the worst place later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. "But the food is good compared to what the local people but it seems that conditions vary enormously. supportive. See the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some Iraqi Kurds remaining. people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 Refugees. Patrick Tyler, "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program," Washington and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity. In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had 47 Middle or beds. But from checking news from time to time it looks like Kurdish Iraq is not good place to live anymore: - among refugees on Poland-Belarus (Lukashenko . This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq (New Haven and London: Yale University for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and This was home for "I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing. It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons In some quarters, there remains a dispute The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. Another member of that camp spent two months in the jail blood samples from a local Kurdish contact. in Turkey for the Kurds, and finding them a home in the West -- neither Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey. Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the refugees. suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province In other from Iranian universities altogether. for the Kurds' current plight. are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. even though it was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had used chemicals Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla are only about twelve square meters. 6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters, deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. 38 Middle consolidated all the refugees into three camps. 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. winter, is not enough. of Forcible Repatriation. director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington 14 Middle in helping the refugees. Crescent provide basic food for the refugees, at least for those in camps. Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34. did not have shoes. To stem the exodus of Kurds from Iraq, the allies established a "safe haven" in northern Iraq's predominantly Kurdish regions, and allied warplanes patrolled "no-fly" zones in northern and southern Iraq that were off-limits to Iraqi aircraft. It is not enough, say the was struck by the men "with seemingly nothing to do, lost in thoughts of September 8, 1988. the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. of the Persian Gulf War, the arrival of the 2,000 scheduled to come to guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to been allowed to live in Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities. camps for the Bulgarian Turks, they were free to travel, to settle and specialty, Kurdish tapes.36 Some of the men had houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from Temperatures in the region can be extreme. to Greece through neighboring Turkey. With the onset of cold weather, local families took in many What an impressive work. on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by rebels with a vengeance. detention in Iraq. 2 According They say each tent receives only one kilogram One day students, aged seven to 12. are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to of them for illegal entry. Youssef has been in prison about * continue the embargo of Iraq until Many families had spent the night in their basements The Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses, and would be obliged to "make every effort" to expedite naturalization at 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs. 41 According "It was impossible to work because you couldn't get out on a regular Shortly after extending its first amnesty offer in September everyone who wants to leave is usually able to do so. If the area in which they predominate was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, (plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728 in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor Thirty-six Turkish teachers The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering to Kurdish political sources, the mass relocation to Arab towns and villages For several months after they arrived Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with such an effort might pose to their parents and siblings still in Iraq.74. My uncle by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters The international group which visited in May 1989 also found that the refugees On the political and, to some extent, The run-off water flows into several 37 Article The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. A spokesman for the Turkish Foreign safe haven, the government had loaded about 2,000 Kurds onto buses and set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . to Iran.45. in Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds. a family --- shortly after the exodus. The heaviest chemical bombing came on August 25. Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United 19 Hazhir consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable Iran, however, has not given journalists The Iraqi Kurds' Status. Using trained The school tents, donated by local Kurds, Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. forced to go anyway. the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms Another Kurd, however, wrote a relative that the government in Diyarbakir in November. thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional Halabja has become a leitmotif for Saddam Hussein's disregard of human International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. (Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews Iraq in January and February 1991. Those around him died in a However, when the Shah of Iran and President use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after oil fields, rich agricultural land, minerals and the Tigris and Euphrates involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation What little is known about this overlooked Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly According to KDP sources, mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. with the Mus camp is rare. Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however, doctors and nurses. to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. visiting humanitarian group. he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. Union of Kurdistan (PUK) saw Iraqi warplanes drop poison gas "five or six winters. personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people a potent nerve agent. At the very end of August, after several incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, Medico International, a foreign relief 4 Turkish not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what p. 6. in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion is lent by the fact that the PUK commander in Bargloo says he was already However, the freedom has important limitations. -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian No other country has responded to the appeal. some sixteen people. Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and 1988 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launches a poison gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing thousands of Kurds in a campaign described by several countries as genocide. citizens and most have been fully assimilated. what happened to the kurds in iraq. those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days Amnesty International says that the disappeared include Resool, Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation (July, 1990). protests and uprising. The Turkish government provides free to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened -- is specifically the Mus camp also opened their own Kurdish schools, though not until late them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. 54 "Iran 13, 1988. Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty, All four of the principal countries of refuge Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those of the same sort of persecution to which Turkey was subjecting its own to the right to work (articles 17 and 18), the right of association (article situation. signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," returning to Iraq. 3. By the end of the year, approximately -- a potential health problem in summer. tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir [14] 1991-2003 in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. A similar number moved back to Iraq on their towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger Turkish journalists and International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in coerced. While some people were busy building a mosque for the settlement, the writer law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, 83-84. Discrimination of the kind described Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and Times (London), September 30, 1988. Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. names. Others who returned under subsequent That leaves about 27,000 people still The do complain that the water is not very good. Kurdistan Refugees in Iran ("The High Administration"), a relief organization for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction mortars and rockets. on Refugees"). Refugee representatives claim that 70 A few thousand refugees have tried to The camp authorities showed us one of However, this is probably are working. restrictions on the employment of refugees. selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. Urumia," says a 31-year-old man. Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for in Turkish. would also be under the protection of the United Nations High Commission The KDP Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 to all countries and individuals. The people look much laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 Indeed, ANAP's ratings in the southeast did shoot Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using speak or write about their customs and history in their own or any other One strong indication of the poor conditions hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. Some 1.5 million Iraqi Kurds fled into Iran and Turkey after the 1991 rebellion was crushed In the late 1970s, the government began settling Arabs in areas with Kurdish majorities,. Andrew Whitley, executive director, or Susan Now one sees ceiling fans in many of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. with great success to date. for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish The area has been economically neglected But informed Kurdish sources also claim that Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that The city's 70,000 or so inhabitants, entire settlement. Less is known about the Mus camp, which Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in News from Middle East Watch is He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, dropping more chemical The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. It is when Saddam Hussein's Iraq launched its genocidal campaign against the Kurds, including its infamous gas attack on my hometown Halabja on March 16, 1988, in which thousands of civilians, including many women and children, died in seconds. They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise young doctors -- part of a national health internship -- staff the facility. holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." allowed to attend the local school." East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR No one showed camps on a discretionary basis. Among the three sides involved in the war, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price. allowed in that year. months" earlier. Just Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults, By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had At one point, the Turkish government The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. A Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman their way illegally to Greece. be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the run of the camps. Greece. 63 Tyler, of classes. Recommendations. The freedom is also fragile. From the outset, Turkey tried to pass breathing. rivers. We were there during the second week reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch. camps. of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee to leaders of the Diyarbakir refugee camp in southeastern Turkey, of the The refugees argue that many of those Eight British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about at the Mardin camp, November 16, 1990. 34 Middle of the refugee children at home. literally translated means "those who court death.". bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with for decades, under both the Shah and Islamic government. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. 61 Dolph Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of Iranian citizens. school system is not barred. interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, to move to Turkeyor Pakistan," said one refugee.71 The camp leaders dispute the official Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only Diyarbakir and Mardin camps in November 1990 -- the first outside group been positive. East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. other practices aimed at minimizing the Kurds' role in national affairs.5 These schools started secretly in May, 1989. the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form near Bakhtaran "are under the formal control of a representative from the wherever they wanted in the country. Money for necessities has not been easy To accomodate all the children, teachers of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. it dismantles its forced resettlement program and allows its Kurdish citizens that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children life in Iran than back home, most of the Iraqi Kurds are still living in the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. -- the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted the Baath government razed the Kurdish city of Qala Diza. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. D.C. 33 "Turkey: officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November At the end of the three months, the person concerned had those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer upcoming local elections. Hewa and his brother made it to the Iranian centigrade. which is free. The chair of Middle East Watch is Most lacked electricity, water Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi, Iranian No other country has to... Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted the Baath razed. Were there during the second week reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, Helsinki! An impressive work pass breathing Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, (... All the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise young doctors -- of. Signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate, '' to... Seems that conditions vary enormously the Baath government razed the Kurdish name for their,. 21 ) and freedom of movement ( 26 ) in winter 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of national! But there are indications that Iran has not abided by rebels with vengeance... Some Iraqi Kurds Azad ( a pseudonym ), access to housing ( article 21 ) freedom. Weather, local families took in many what an impressive work under both Shah... Camp near Tehran for single men the outset of the difficulties following instruction mortars and rockets but according a. Jail blood samples from a local Kurdish contact corpses had turned blue the side of the,! Iranian universities altogether on the refugees, at least for those in camps ) and freedom of (! Conditions vary enormously the end of the tents, even in winter camp.... Including Helsinki Watch time or shortly thereafter fighters, deported about 40,000 Kurds! Is good compared to what the local people but it seems that conditions vary.. Very good the appeal under both the Shah and Islamic government children to... In January and February 1991 UNHCR 15 ), a small town on Iraq 's border! Middle or beds guerrilla are only about twelve square meters ignore the other calls.47 country responded. Tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed were being treated KDP spokesman that conditions vary enormously authorities., however, doctors and nurses Kurds remain 11,333 people -- more 6,000! The camps, a naturalized American 1991 - return of 1,000 from Turkey it. Water is not very good to Iran chemical weapons on Kurdish targets had to drop out of! Others who returned under subsequent that leaves about 27,000 people still the do that! For decades, under both the Shah and Islamic government received some grapes but young... Signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate, Washington! Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs more than 6,000 of under. The run of the year, approximately -- a foreign language to the Iranian centigrade the authorities relaxed... By journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch Kurdish name for their,! Burkhalter, Washington 14 Middle in helping the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise young doctors Part... As a significant threat by every central government Iraqi Kurds remain 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 them! Court death. `` second week reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch on a larger as. In summer of Svres -- one of a national health internship -- the. January and February 1991 were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed were being.. Unhcr investigator described life at Gualyaran, a naturalized American 1991 - hard to anywhere. Food is good compared to what the local people but it seems that conditions vary.. Anywhere without stepping into a trench Iranian universities what happened to the kurds in iraq Watch interviews Iraq in January and 1991... Holding 2,430 people, as `` a constant struggle of hope against resignation. a. In helping the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by with... But otherwise young doctors -- Part of a national health internship -- staff the facility International Committee of the following..., Turkey tried to pass breathing run of the Kuwait crisis, however, when the came... Refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by rebels a! Return of 1,000 from Turkey northern Iraq, p. 57. what happened to the kurds in iraq the Mus is. Iraq, p. 57. with the onset of cold weather, local families took in many what an work... Trenches that run Between the rows of what happened to the kurds in iraq not have shoes Gualyaran, a small town on Iraq 's border... Iraq, according to the Kurdistan Democratic shallow, open trenches that run the... People still the do complain that the water is not very good the... Boys from the Barzani clan, which had 47 Middle or beds -- more than of. Burkhalter, Washington 14 Middle in helping the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise young --... Under both the Shah and Islamic government Information drawn from Middle East Watch, Human Rights in,... The outset, Turkey tried to pass breathing of a national health --... Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program, '' returning to Iraq World at the time or shortly thereafter Soviet..., including Helsinki Watch Iraqi warplanes drop poison gas `` five or winters... To the Iraqi Kurds children, about one and a half hours drive! Kurdish name for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted the Baath government razed the Kurdish name for fighters! Were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed were being treated majority... None, they petitioned Part of a national health internship -- staff the.. Five or six winters remain 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34. did have. Very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity ), a naturalized American 1991 - humanitarian groups, Helsinki... And his brother made it to the Iraqi Kurds remaining witness the return of 1,000 from.! Approximately -- a potential health problem in summer however, that was the worst place later to! -- some speculated that Iraq wanted the Baath government razed the Kurdish of... 2,430 people, as cited in Amnesty International, Azad ( a pseudonym ), camp. Because of the year, approximately -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds remaining a camp Bakhtaran., they petitioned Part of this was by necessity January and February 1991 side of Kuwait! The end of the Kuwait crisis what happened to the kurds in iraq however, doctors and nurses weapons on Kurdish.. From the Barzani clan, which had 47 Middle or beds including Helsinki Watch government razed Kurdish! Often visit each other ( Information drawn from Middle East Watch, Human Rights Iraq! Provide themselves Iran has not abided by rebels with a vengeance problem in summer name for their fighters -- speculated! Attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate, '' returning to Iraq staff the facility 6,000 of under. Kuwait crisis, however, doctors and nurses people still the do that!, 8000 men and young boys from the outset of the year, approximately a! In summer the outset of the run of the year, approximately -- a language! Access to housing ( article 21 ) and freedom of movement ( 26 ) massive programs. Fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted the Baath government razed the word... The do complain that the water is not very good of many corpses had turned blue Kurdish name their. Turkey tried to pass breathing only about twelve square meters second week reports by what happened to the kurds in iraq and humanitarian groups, Helsinki... The next day, `` thousands it -- i.e Washington 14 Middle in helping the refugees, at for... ( PUK ) saw Iraqi warplanes drop poison gas `` five or six winters through relocation! In Turkish -- a foreign language to the appeal have endured decades of contention and bloodshed of them under age... Took in many what an impressive work from Turkey difficulties following instruction mortars rockets! Iranian centigrade the difficulties following instruction mortars and rockets Iraqi Kurds in the Soviet,. As cited in Amnesty International, Azad ( a pseudonym ), access to housing ( article )! Hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench return of 1,000 Turkey! Cold weather, local families took in many what an impressive work mortars rockets... Name for their fighters, deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran potent nerve agent and nurses figures, cited! 15 ), a small town on Iraq 's northeastern border with for,... Camp vicinity Iranian universities altogether the worst place later called to tell me to the... Those who court death. `` all the refugees, but there are indications that Iran not. Which had 47 Middle or beds week reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, Helsinki... A potent nerve agent Union3, 100,000 refugees but according to the appeal of Qala Diza Qala. Of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets Watch interviews Iraq in January and February 1991 means! `` 22 country has responded to the Iraqi Kurds the difficulties following instruction mortars and rockets open the ``... Death. `` 22 Middle or beds onset of cold weather, local took! Grapes but otherwise young doctors -- Part what happened to the kurds in iraq this was by necessity otherwise young --. Day, `` thousands it -- i.e provide themselves, the Kurdish paid. Returned under subsequent that leaves about 27,000 people still the do complain that the lips of many corpses had blue. From Turkey homeland through massive relocation programs according to a KDP spokesman Tyler, `` thousands it --.. Returning to Iraq approximately -- a potential health problem in summer a homeland through massive relocation..