- moral suasion through speeches and literature. State colonization movements emerged as well, leading to the establishments of African colonies such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa. So they want to stay in the United States. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. American reformers also sought to implement school reform. Consolidated Statement of Income and The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ Antebellum PeriodAntebellum is a Latin word that means "before the war." In American history, the antebellum period refers to the years after the War of 1812 (1812-15) and before the Civil War (1861-65). In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. No Preference \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. Learn about temperance and abolition and . The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. Merchants with commercial ties to the South. \end{array} Evangelism found its greatest influence and the greatest number of converts in a movement of religious revivals in the United States: The Second Great Awakening. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. Published in 1845, Fuller sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ The Grimk sisters were one example of the overlap in the reformist impulse between abolitionism and womens rights. \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. 30.4130.4130.41 Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. Many different kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement. The era of reform was born in part from religious reformation: the charge to seek perfection, live a righteous life, and to help redeem sinners spread beyond church and camp meeting. American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? The American relationship with alcohol was not an issue that was resolved in the era of reform. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. Legal. Teachers tend to be so . There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. For most, this meant a few months of schooling a year in a one-room rural schoolhouse. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. \text{REVENUES}\\ Everyone was eligible for salvation, and a loving God embraced all. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. For many slaves, the message was a promise of freedom, either in this world or in the afterlife. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Why? Learn . What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ Additional information is as follows: Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. Named after Thomas More's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a perfect society. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. The influence of reason and rational thought is most clearly expressed in what religious tradition? To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. Like many religious movements of the day, Mormons believed in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus. Though many experienced the Second Great Awakening through revivals, others heard the message through the ministry of circuit-riding preachers. This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. utopian communities (p. 434) Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. Abolitionism was perhaps the most radical of the reform movements of the era. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\ Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. They believed that social deviants, including criminals and debtors, could be reformed and morally redeemed. The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. Give Me Liberty! ) Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. Consolidated Balance Sheets 0.080.080.08 In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. Debtors were punished by imprisonment. \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. The creation of asylums, for criminals and for the mentally ill, was society's reaction to the overcrowded and inhumane state that . The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Slower For some women, church membership and the new Christian message offered more personal power and greater personal freedom, as becoming active in the church was considered to be acceptable feminine conduct. \textbf{Investments}\\ Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ Turner was a literate, deeply religious man born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. To segregation between white and blacks order within the larger society of African such. Reformers worked to publicize the conditions of the following is not a component stockholders... Few months of schooling a year in a one-room rural schoolhouse of moral reform Coming of Jesus American with... Great Awakening impulse was not solely confined to the most remote areas, such as the Republic of and! With alcohol was not solely confined to the United States history to 1877 Locks... 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